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Metal Halide - Quartz
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Updated
16-VII-2020 |
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Although the origins of the metal halide lamp can be traced back to a 1912 patent taken out by GE's Charles Steinmetz, the practical lamps based on current technologies first appeared in the labs of many of the world's leading lamp companies in the late 1950s. It was not until the mid 1960s that commercial products appeared, the first being commercialised by GE of America.
The technology is a development of the high pressure mercury lamp, to which trace additions of various other metals are added in the form of their halide compounds. These are vaporised into the discharge and contribute their spectral output, and materials are selected which fill in the gaps in the mercury spectrum to deliver a light source having considerably improved colour properties. The luminous efficacy of the lamps is also increased owing to a reduction in the generation of invisible ultraviolet radiation.
It is necessary to add the metals in the form of halides because the metals themselves usually have too low a vapour pressure to participate in the discharge, but the halides are vaporised very much more readily. In addition the additive metals are rather corrosive towards the quartz discharge tube wall, but when halides are employed, they generally exist in compound form on the quartz surface, in which state they are very much less reactive, thus minimising corrosion problems. |
| | Multi-Band Halides |
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Philips |
2000W |
| HPI/T 1st Generation shrink-sealed arc tube |
| 1968 |
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Philips |
375W |
| HPI/T 2nd Generation pinch-sealed arc tube |
| 1974 |
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Philips |
400W |
| HPI/T 3rd Generation with hydrogen getter |
| 1981 |
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Philips |
400W |
| HPI/T 4th Generation with improved arc tube |
| 1986 |
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Philips |
400W |
| HPI-T 5th Generation with blown arc tube |
| 1996 |
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Philips |
400W |
| HPI-T 7th Generation with small arc tube |
| 2012 |
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Philips |
400W |
| HPI-T Plus for Vertical operation |
| 2008 |
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|
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Philips |
400W |
| HPI-BUS Self-Starting Mercury Lamp Retrofit |
| 1987 |
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Philips |
250W |
| HPI Plus with Daylight colour phosphor |
| 2012 |
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Philips |
10,000W |
| HPI/TD Double Ended Stadium Floodlight |
| 1971 |
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Mazda |
2000W |
| MAIH 2000 B 380V of French design |
| 1978 |
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Mazda |
1000W |
| MAIH 1000 TP 220V of unusual French design |
| 1979 |
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Claude |
1000W |
| MI 1000W-380V of unusual French design |
| ~1985 |
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GEC |
2000W |
| MBI/H 2000W Stadium Floodlight |
| 1984 |
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Narva |
400W |
| Nachroma NC400-00 with Na-In-Tl chemistry |
| 1984 |
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Thorn |
250W |
| Kolorarc MBI-T 250W tri-band high output |
| 1991 |
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Iwasaki |
400W |
| Mutli-Super Ace 5-band Mercury Lamp Retrofit |
| 2002 |
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| | Sodium-Scandium Halides |
|
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Sylvania |
400W |
| Metalarc Thorium-Scandium prototype |
| 1965 |
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Sylvania |
400W |
| MetalArc Coated with Barium Peroxide Getter |
| 1979 |
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Sylvania |
400W |
| Super MetalArc Horiz. with curved arc tube |
| 1986 |
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Sylvania |
1000W |
| Super MetalArc Vertical with fattened arc tube |
| 1984 |
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GE |
400W |
| Multi-Vapor MV-400/BD with Na-Sc chemistry |
| 1973 |
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Westinghouse |
400W |
| MH400/BU/4 with glass-sleeved frame |
| 1980 |
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Thorn |
375W |
| KolorArc MBI/BD 400W with etched arc tube |
| 1979 |
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Thorn |
250W |
| MBIF/H/S Lithium for Marks & Spencer |
| 1982 |
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Saransk |
175W |
| DRI 175W warm white of Russian design |
| 1987 |
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GE |
175W |
| Multi-Vapor II (Halarc) high-lumen electronic |
| 1989 |
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Philips |
1500W |
| Z-Lamp with offset arc tube for sports lighting |
| 2003 |
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Venture |
400W |
| Glare-Guard with crown silvered outer bulb |
| 1992 |
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Thorn |
1500W |
| MBIL/H High Wattage Double Ended Linear |
| 1988 |
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Sylvania |
100W |
| MetalArc Protected for open fixtures |
| 1986 |
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GE |
32W |
| Halarc MXR low wattage for open fixtures |
| 1990 |
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GE |
350W |
| PulseArc for use with electronic starters |
| 2000 |
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GE |
55W |
Halarc Electronic
'First Light' Clear |
| 1980-81 |
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GE |
55W |
Halarc Electronic
Miser Maxi-Light |
| 1981-83 |
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| | Rare Earth Halides |
|
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Osram |
350W |
| HQIL 400W Rare Earth with Fluorescent bulb |
| 1968 |
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Osram |
360W |
| HQI-T 400W-71 Rare Earth of 2nd Generation |
| 1973 |
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Osram |
360W |
| HQI-T 400W/DH Rare Earth of 3rd Generation |
| 1982 |
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Wotan |
360W |
| HQI-T 400W/DV Rare Earth of 4th Generation |
| 1988 |
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Osram |
400W |
| HQI-T 400W/D Rare Earth of 5th Generation |
| 1991 |
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Osram |
400W |
| HQI-BT 400W/D Rare Earth of 6th Generation |
| 2001 |
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|
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Wotan |
250W |
| Powerstar HQI-R with integral reflector |
| 1987 |
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Tungsram |
360W |
| HgMIF 400/DH Rare Earth Horizontal |
| 1992 |
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Polam |
360W |
| LRJD Dysprosium-Thallium Indium lamp |
| 1997 |
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Osram |
150W |
| HQI-TS 150W/NDL Double Ended Compact |
| 1989 |
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|
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Philips |
75W |
| MHN "Thulium Lamp" High-CRI Prototype |
| 1985 |
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|
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Philips |
70W |
| MHN-T Open Fixture Single Ended |
| 1996 |
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Philips |
35W |
| MHN-TC Experimental Single Ended Compact |
| 1993 |
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Iwasaki |
150W |
| ColorArc 3500K with exceptionally high Ra 96 |
| 1988 |
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Iwasaki |
70W |
| ColorArc 6500K PAR36 High-CRI Metal Halide |
| 1999 |
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Sylvania |
35W |
| BriteSpot ES50 Compact Metal Halide Reflector |
| 2003 |
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| | Molecular Halides |
|
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Thorn |
200W |
| Arcstream MBI-T Single Ended Prototype |
| 1985 |
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Osram |
70W |
| HQI-T 70W/WDL Single Ended Compact |
| 1987 |
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| | Coloured Halides |
|
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Tesla |
400W |
| RVIZ Thallium Iodide Green colour lamp |
| 1975 |
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GEC |
400W |
| MBI/U Indium Iodide Blue colour lamp |
| 1986 |
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YaMing |
250W |
| JLC250 Sodium-Lithium-Indium Red colour lamp |
| 2004 |
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Narva |
400W |
| NC400-04 Bilirubinaemia Gallium-Indium lamp |
| 1981 |
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