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MB High Pressure Mercury Vapour
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Updated
21-VII-2006 |
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Mercury Vapour lamps operating at high pressure (but below 100 watts per centimetre of arc length) and with arc tubes of quartz glass are classified as the MB style. Mercury vapour pressure is typically around ten atmospheres. The reason for the creation of this second category of mercury lamp was to allow the efficacy to be maintained as high as possible for low wattage sources.
The luminous efficacy of any discharge lamp falls as wattage is reduced - the reason being because electrode power loss becomes relatively more significant for the smaller lamps. Hence it was not possible to make an MA style lamp below 150W because it could not compete with filament lamps. However if the mercury vapour pressure is increased, luminous efficacy also rises. This was not possible with MA lamps because the arc tube would melt at the higher temperatures which are required to bring about the pressure increase.
Quartz glass having a very high softening temperature was necessary to make the low wattage mercury lamp feasible. Quartz is not an easy material to use though. Its coefficient of thermal expansion is so low that no metal wire can be sealed through it directly. The solution came from the work of D. Gabor at the BTH Mazda research laboratory in Rugby, who invented the molybdenum foil seal and adapted it for mechanised production. Moly foil of very thin cross-section expands so little that the quartz barely knows it's there. The edges of the foil are feathered, either by rolling or etching, and these knife edges can deform and bury themselves in the quartz as they expand, without cracking it.
In 1937 a 125W Quartz MB lamp was launched, quickly followed by the 80W version. The 250, 400 and 1000W lamps continued to be made with MA-style aluminosilicate hard glass arc tubes until the late 1950's though on account of the very large price penalty that quartz carried with it in the early days. Thereafter, as the price of improved electrically-fused quartz began to fall, it was adopted in the larger ratings also. |
| | Uncoated Lamps |
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GE |
85W |
| H-3 early model with graded seals to tungsten |
| 1939 |
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GE |
250W |
| H-5 early model with graded seals to tungsten |
| 1943 |
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Mazda |
80W |
| MB/V first model with moly shrink-seals |
| 1947 |
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Crompton |
80W |
| MB/U in pear shaped pearl bulb |
| c. 1955 |
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GEC |
125W |
| MB/U in pear shaped pearl bulb |
| 1978 |
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Mazda |
125W |
| MB/U in ellipsoidal shaped pearl bulb |
| 1969 |
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Sylvania |
40W |
| H45-AZ Low Wattage Mercury Discharge |
| c. 1965 |
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Osram |
125W |
| HQA with new emitter to reduced blackening |
| 1965 |
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Narva |
125W |
| NF125-00 with sintered emitter pellet electrodes |
| 1972 |
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GE |
100W |
| H100/A23 for retrofit into GLS luminaires |
| 1995 |
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Philips |
400W |
| MB/V Long tubular style to replace MA size lamp |
| 1964 |
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Atlas |
400W |
| MB/V Long tubular style to replace MA size lamp |
| 1970 |
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GEC |
250W |
| MB/U short tubular style for new applications |
| 1974 |
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Sylvania |
400W |
| H33-1CD Rough Service lamp with girder frame |
| 1968 |
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Iwasaki |
2000W |
| H2000B High Wattage |
| 1997 |
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| | Fluorescent Lamps |
|
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Philips |
75W |
| Philora HPL300 with Sulphide phosphor |
| 1937 |
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GEC |
125W |
| MBF/V with Magnesium Fluoro-germanate |
| 1961 |
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Sylvania |
100W |
| H100/C with Magnesium Fluoro-germanate |
| 1961 |
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Narva |
400W |
| HQL-G Goldweiß with Mg Fluoro-germanate |
| 1971 |
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Philips |
250W |
| HPL with Magnesium Fluoro-arsenate |
| 1965 |
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GE |
175W |
| Bonus Line H175-39/W Impregnated electrodes |
| 1963 |
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Narva |
250W |
| HQL-S Silberweiß with orthphosphate coating |
| 1969 |
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Radium |
400W |
| HQL-S Silberweiß with orthphosphate coating |
| 1969 |
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Westinghouse |
400W |
| H400/W with strontium |
| 1968 |
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Tesla |
125W |
| RVL-B with calcium halophsophate coating |
| 1971 |
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Sylvania |
175W |
| H175/DX with Yttrium Vanadate coating |
| 1979 |
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GEC |
1000W |
| MBF/U with Yttrium Vanadate coating |
| 1977 |
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Westinghouse |
100W |
| H100/DX with Yttrium Phosphate Vanadate |
| 1983 |
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Toshiba |
200W |
| HFX 200 Japanese style fluorescent mercury |
| 1990 |
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Polam |
125W |
| LRF with Vanadate and Orthophosphate coating |
| 1976 |
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Westinghouse |
400W |
| H400/R Beauty Lite with high red ratio |
| 1982 |
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Philips |
80W |
| HPL Comfort with YAG + yttrium vanadate coating |
| 1993 |
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Sylvania |
100W |
| H100/N Warmtone YAG+ yttrium vanadate coating |
| 1982 |
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Osram |
50W |
| HQL-B Super Deluxe |
| 1993 |
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Westinghouse |
400W |
| H400/Y" Caution Yellow" with external lacquer |
| 1969 |
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Osram |
250W |
| HQL/5" Caution Yellow" with external lacquer |
| c. 1965 |
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Thorn |
125W |
| MBF half coated demonstration lamp |
| 1986 |
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DuroTest |
175W |
| Safe-T-Vapor lamp with internal oxygen fuse |
| c. 1980 |
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Westinghouse |
400W |
| Safety Lifeguard with internal cut-out device |
| 1981 |
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| | Reflector Lamps |
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Iwasaki |
50W |
| HR50W/S Mercury Spot Reflector Lamp |
| 2001 |
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GEC |
125W |
| MBFR/U Mercury Fluorescent Reflector |
| 1972 |
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Thorn |
400W |
| MBFR/U Mercury Fluorescent Reflector |
| 1988 |
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Narva |
125W |
| NF125-21 Street lighting style mercury reflector |
| 1979 |
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Sylvania |
100W |
| H44GS-100 Mercury Sealed Beam Reflector |
| 2003 |
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| | Self-Ballasted Lamps |
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Mazda |
200W |
| MBT/V with shrink seals and pearl outer bulb |
| c. 1945 |
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Osram |
165W |
| HWA 302 German lamp in usual pearl bulb |
| 1958 |
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Philips |
250W |
| ML500 First model mercury blended |
| c. 1947 |
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Bumix |
860W |
| "Jupiter" variable colour mushroom-shape lamp |
| c. 1950 |
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Philips |
160W |
| MBTL with Magnesium fluorogermanate coating |
| 1960 |
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Atlas |
250W |
| MBTF with Yttrium Vanadate coated bulb |
| 1970 |
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Osram |
500W |
| HWL with isothermal bulb shape |
| 1974? |
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GE |
160W |
| E-Z Lux HSB160/PS30/M low voltage design |
| c. 1980 |
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DuroTest |
450W |
| Fluomeric with special high efficiency design |
| 1970/78 |
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National |
100W |
| BH100 with preheated arc tube electrodes |
| 2001 |
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Thorn |
160W |
| MBT Sunlight Clear mercury blended lamp |
| 1987 |
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Philips |
160W |
| ML with new design for automatic production |
| 2003 |
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XingJi |
500W |
| HMB Halogen-Ballasted Mercury Vapour |
| 2003 |
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Philips |
160W |
| MLR mercury blended reflector style |
| 1984 |
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| | Special Application & Ultra-Violet |
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GEC |
80W |
| MB/D Projector lamp with handmade arctube |
| 1942 |
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Mazda |
80W |
| MB/D for monochrome slide projection |
| 1962 |
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Mazda |
125W |
| MBL/D with diaphragms for laboratory use |
| 1967 |
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Philips |
125W |
| HPK 125 for laboratory use |
| 1975 |
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Mazda |
40W |
| MBM Coal Mine lamp for compressed air system |
| 1950 |
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GE-Thorn |
5kW |
| MB high wattage photo-printing lamp |
| 1991 |
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Philips |
125W |
| HPR Reflector lamp for reprographic application |
| 1984 |
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GE |
100W |
| S-4 Sun tanning lamp with graded seals |
| 1940 |
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Osram |
300W |
| Ultra-Vitalux sun tanning lamp in round bulb |
| c. 1955 |
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Wotan |
300W |
| Ultra-Vitalux sun tanning lamp in reflector bulb |
| c. 1960 |
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Philips |
300W |
| MLU Sun tanning reflector style lamp |
| 1968 |
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GE |
100W |
| H4-BL Purple-X mercury vapour blacklight |
| 1970 |
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Osram |
80W |
| HQV mercury discharge with Woods Glass bulb |
| 1964 |
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Thorn |
125W |
| MBW Black Magic with Woods Glass bulb |
| 1974 |
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Philips |
125W |
| HPW mercury discharge with Woods Glass bulb |
| 1985 |
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Iwasaki |
400W |
| H400BL High Wattage Blacklight lamp |
| 1994 |
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